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    Bitcoin Bitcoin Newcomers FAQ - Please read!

    Bitcoin Bitcoin Newcomers FAQ - Please read!


    Bitcoin Newcomers FAQ - Please read!

    Posted: 18 Jul 2021 11:56 AM PDT

    Welcome to the /r/Bitcoin Sticky FAQ

    You've probably been hearing a lot about Bitcoin recently and are wondering what's the big deal? Most of your questions should be answered by the resources below but if you have additional questions feel free to ask them in the comments.

    It all started with the release of Satoshi Nakamoto's whitepaper however that will probably go over the head of most readers so we recommend the following articles/books/videos as a good starting point for understanding how bitcoin works and a little about its long term potential:

    Some other great resources include Michael Saylor's Hope.com and "Bitcoin for Everybody"' course, Jameson Lopp's resource page, Gigi's resource page, and James D'Angelo's Bitcoin 101 Blackboard series. Some excellent writing on Bitcoin's value proposition and future can be found at the Satoshi Nakamoto Institute.

    If you are technically or academically inclined check out developer resources and peer-reviewed research papers, course lectures from both MIT and Princeton as well as future protocol improvements and scaling resources. Some Bitcoin statistics can be found here, here and here. MicroStrategy's Bitcoin for Corporations is an excellent open source series on corporate legal and financial bitcoin integration.

    You can also see the number of times Bitcoin was declared dead by the media (LOL) and what you could have earned if you didn't listen to them! XD

    Key properties of Bitcoin

    • Limited Supply - There will only ever be 21,000,000 bitcoin created and they are issued in a predictable fashion per the inflation schedule. Once they are all issued Bitcoin will be truly deflationary. The halving countdown tells you how much time until the next drop in block rewards.
    • Open source - Bitcoin code is fully auditable. You can read and contribute to the source code yourself.
    • Accountable - The public ledger is transparent, all transactions are seen by everyone.
    • Decentralized - Bitcoin is globally distributed across thousands of nodes with no single point of failure and as such can't be shut down similar to how Bittorrent works. You can even run a node on a Raspberry Pi.
    • Censorship resistant - No one can prevent you from interacting with the bitcoin network and no one can censor, alter or block transactions that they disagree with, see Operation Chokepoint.
    • Push system - There are no chargebacks in bitcoin because only the person who owns the address where the bitcoin resides has the authority to move them.
    • Low fee scaling - Most wallets calculate on chain fees automatically but you can view fee estimates and mempool activity if you want to set your fee manually. On chain fees may rise occasionally due to network demand, however instant micropayments that do not require confirmations are happening via the Lightning Network, a second layer scaling solution currently rolling out on the Bitcoin mainnet.
    • Borderless - No country can stop it from going in/out, even in areas currently unserved by traditional banking as the ledger is globally distributed.
    • Trustless - Bitcoin solved the Byzantine's Generals Problem which means nobody needs to trust anybody for it to work.
    • Pseudonymous - No need to expose personal information when purchasing with cash or transacting.
    • Secure - Blocks and transactions are cryptographically secured (using hashes and signatures) and can't be brute forced or confiscated with proper key management such as hardware wallets.
    • Programmable - Individual units of bitcoin can be programmed to transfer based on certain criteria being met
    • Nearly instant - From a few seconds on the lightning network to a few minutes on-chain depending on need for confirmations. Transactions are irreversible by normal users after one confirmation and irreversible by anyone (including miners) after 6 confirmations.
    • Peer-to-peer - No intermediaries taking a cut, no need for trusted third parties.
    • Portable - Bitcoin are digital so they are easier to move than cash or gold. They can be transported by simply carrying a seed (a string of 12 to 24 words) on a device or by memorizing it for wallet recovery (while cool, memorizing is generally not recommended due to potential for forgetting the seed and the potential for insecure key generation by inexperienced users. Hardware wallets are the preferred method for most users for their ease of use and additional security).
    • Scalable - While the protocol is still being optimized for increased transaction capacity, blockchains do not scale very well, so most transaction volume is expected to occur on Layer 2 networks built on top of Bitcoin.
    • Divisible - Each bitcoin can be divided down to 8 decimals, which means you don't have to worry about buying an entire bitcoin.
    • Designed Money - Bitcoin was created to fit all the fundamental properties of money better than gold or fiat

    Where can I buy bitcoin?

    Bitcoin.org and BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com are helpful sites for beginners. You can buy or sell any amount of bitcoin (even just a few dollars worth) and there are several easy methods to purchase bitcoin with cash, credit card or bank transfer. Some of the more popular resources are below, also check out the bitcoinity exchange resources for a larger list of options for purchases.

    You can also purchase in cash with local ATMs. Services such as CardCoins let you purchase bitcoin with prepaid gift cards. If you would like your paycheck automatically converted to bitcoin use Bitwage.

    Note: Bitcoin are valued at whatever market price people are willing to pay for them in balancing act of supply vs demand. Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.

    Securing your bitcoin

    With bitcoin you can "Be your own bank" and personally secure your bitcoin OR you can use third party companies aka "Bitcoin banks" which will hold the bitcoin for you.

    • If you prefer to "Be your own bank" and have direct control over your coins without having to use a trusted third party, then you will need to create your own wallet and keep it secure. If you want easy and secure storage without having to learn computer security best practices, then a hardware wallet such as the Trezor, Ledger or ColdCard is recommended.

    • If you cannot afford a hardware wallet there are many software wallet options to choose from depending on your use case. Mobile wallets like BlueWallet are generally more secure than desktop wallets. Beware of fake mobile wallets and check reviews from reputable Bitcoin websites. Avoid paper wallets or brain wallets.

    • If you prefer to let third party "Bitcoin banks" manage your coins, try Gemini or Unchained Capital but be aware you may not be in control of your private keys in which case you would have to ask permission to access your funds and be exposed to third party risk. There is a saying in the community, "Not your keys, not your coins" meaning if you don't store your coins in a wallet that you control the keys to then you do not really own your bitcoin as you have to ask permission from the third party in order to move them.

    Note: For increased security, use Two Factor Authentication (2FA) everywhere it is offered, including email!

    2FA requires a second confirmation code or a physical security key to access your account making it much harder for thieves to gain access. Google Authenticator and Authy are the two most popular 2FA services, download links are below. Make sure you create backups of your 2FA codes.

    Avoid using your cell number for 2FA. Hackers have been using a technique called "SIM swapping" to impersonate users and steal bitcoin off exchanges.

    Google Auth Authy OTP Auth andOTP
    Android Android N/A Android
    iOS iOS iOS N/A

    Physical security keys (FIDO U2F) offer stronger security than Google Auth / Authy and other TOTP-based apps, because the secret code never leaves the device and it uses bi-directional authentication so it prevents phishing. If you lose the device though, you could lose access to your account, so always use 2 or more security keys with a given account so you have backups. See Yubikey or Titan to purchase security keys.

    Both Coinbase and Gemini support physical security keys.

    Watch out for scams

    As mentioned above, Bitcoin is decentralized, which by definition means there is no official website or Twitter handle or spokesperson or CEO. However, all money attracts thieves. This combination unfortunately results in scammers running official sounding names or pretending to be an authority on YouTube or social media. Many scammers throughout the years have claimed to be the inventor of Bitcoin. Websites like bitcoin(dot)com and the r / btc subreddit are active scams. Almost all altcoins (shitcoins) are marketed heavily with big promises but are really just designed to separate you from your bitcoin. So be careful: any resource, including all linked in this document, may in the future turn evil. As they say in our community, "Don't trust, verify".

    • Avoid using ad-based search engines like Google or Yahoo: ads are shown based on how much the advertiser bids, and scammers can easily outbid legitimate providers for ad space, since immoral ways of earning money are far more lucrative than moral ways. Use DuckDuckGo instead, which has no ads, and never tracks you as well.
    • Ignore private messages offering services.
    • Never enter your seed words in a website of any kind. Hardware wallets will recover by displaying possible seed words on their own interface, never on a website.
    • Always check addresses on your hardware wallet before sending or receiving. Some malware has been known to replace addresses in your web browser or that you copy-and-paste.
    • Avoid clicking on links like that look like links, such as https://www.google.com/, without first hovering over it and actually checking where they go to. Just because a link is labelled with an HTTPS address does not mean it actually sends you to that address. It is trivial for someone to comment a link on Reddit that looks like it will send you to one website when it actually sends you to another, and you might not notice the difference until a scammer has gotten all your money, or you have downloaded and installed software that steals your money.

    Common Bitcoin Myths

    Often the same concerns arise about Bitcoin from newcomers. Questions such as:

    • Is Bitcoin a Ponzi scheme?
    • Will governments ban Bitcoin?
    • Will quantum computers break Bitcoin?

    All of these questions have been answered many times by a variety of people. Here are some resources where you can see if your concern has been answered:

    Where can I spend bitcoin?

    Check out spendabit or bitcoin directory for millions of merchant options. Also you can spend bitcoin anywhere visa is accepted with bitcoin debit cards such as the CashApp card or Fold card. Some other useful site are listed below.

    Store Product
    Bitrefill, Gyft Gift cards for thousands of retailers worldwide including Amazon, Target, Walmart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, CVS, Lowes, Home Depot, iTunes, Best Buy, Sears, Kohls, eBay, GameStop, etc.
    Spendabit, Overstock and The Bitcoin Directory Retail shopping with millions of results
    NewEgg and Dell For all your electronics needs
    Piixpay, Bitbill.eu, Bylls, Coins.ph, LivingRoomofSatoshi, Coinsfer, and more Bill payment
    Menufy and Takeaway Takeout delivered to your door
    Expedia, Cheapair, Destinia, Abitsky, SkyTours, the Travel category on Gyft and 9flats For when you need to get away
    Cryptostorm, Mullvad, and PIA VPN services
    Namecheap, Porkbun Domain name registration
    Stampnik Discounted USPS Priority, Express, First-Class mail postage

    Coinmap and AirBitz are helpful to find local businesses accepting bitcoin. A good resource for UK residents is at wheretospendbitcoins.co.uk.

    There are also lots of charities which accept bitcoin donations.

    Merchant Resources

    There are several benefits to accepting bitcoin as a payment option if you are a merchant;

    • 1-3% savings over credit cards or PayPal.
    • No chargebacks (final settlement in 10 minutes as opposed to 3+ months).
    • Accept business from a global customer base.
    • Increased privacy.
    • Convert 100% of the sale to the currency of your choice for deposit to your account, or choose to keep a percentage of the sale in bitcoin if you wish to begin accumulating it.

    If you are interested in accepting bitcoin as a payment method, there are several options available;

    Can I mine bitcoin?

    Mining bitcoin can be a fun learning experience, but be aware that you will most likely operate at a loss. Newcomers are often advised to stay away from mining unless they are only interested in it as a hobby similar to folding at home. If you want to learn more about mining you can read the mining FAQ. Still have mining questions? The crew at /r/BitcoinMining would be happy to help you out.

    If you want to contribute to the bitcoin network by hosting the blockchain and propagating transactions you can run a full node. You can view the global node distribution for a visual representation of the node network.

    Earning bitcoin

    Just like any other form of money, you can also earn bitcoin by being paid to do a job.

    Site Description
    WorkingForBitcoins, Bitwage, Cryptogrind, Coinality, Bitgigs, /r/Jobs4Bitcoins, BitforTip, Rein Project Freelancing
    Lolli Earn bitcoin when you shop online!
    OpenBazaar, Purse.io, Bitify, /r/Bitmarket Marketplaces
    /r/GirlsGoneBitcoin NSFW Adult services
    A-ads, Coinzilla.io Advertising

    You can also earn bitcoin by participating as a market maker on JoinMarket by allowing users to perform CoinJoin transactions with your bitcoin for a small fee (requires you to already have some bitcoin).

    Bitcoin-Related Projects

    The following is a short list of ongoing projects that might be worth taking a look at if you are interested in current development in the bitcoin space.

    Project Description
    Lightning Network Second layer scaling
    Liquid, Rootstock and Drivechain Sidechains
    Hivemind Prediction markets
    Tierion and Factom Records & Titles on the blockchain
    BitMarkets, DropZone, Beaver and Open Bazaar Decentralized markets
    JoinMarket and Wasabi Wallet CoinJoin implementation
    Decentralized exhanges Decentralized bitcoin exchanges
    Keybase Identity & Reputation management
    Abra Global P2P money transmitter network
    Bitcore Open source Bitcoin javascript library

    Bitcoin Units

    One Bitcoin is quite large (hundreds of £/$/€) so people often deal in smaller units. The most common subunits are listed below:

    Unit Symbol Value Info
    bitcoin BTC 1 bitcoin one bitcoin is equal to 100 million satoshis
    millibitcoin mBTC 1,000 per bitcoin used as default unit in recent Electrum wallet releases
    bit bit 1,000,000 per bitcoin colloquial "slang" term for microbitcoin (μBTC)
    satoshi sat 100,000,000 per bitcoin smallest unit in bitcoin, named after the inventor

    For example, assuming an arbitrary exchange rate of $10000 for one Bitcoin, a $10 meal would equal:

    • 0.001 BTC
    • 1 mBTC
    • 1,000 bits
    • 100k sats

    For more information check out the Bitcoin units wiki.


    Still have questions? Feel free to ask in the comments below or stick around for our weekly Mentor Monday thread. If you decide to post a question in /r/Bitcoin, please use the search bar to see if it has been answered before, and remember to follow the community rules outlined on the sidebar to receive a better response. The mods are busy helping manage our community so please do not message them unless you notice problems with the functionality of the subreddit.

    Note: This is a community created FAQ. If you notice anything missing from the FAQ or that requires clarification you can edit it here and it will be included in the next revision pending approval.

    Welcome to the Bitcoin community and the new decentralized economy!

    submitted by /u/BitcoinFan7
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    Daily Discussion, September 29, 2021

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 10:06 PM PDT

    Please utilize this sticky thread for all general Bitcoin discussions! If you see posts on the front page or /r/Bitcoin/new which are better suited for this daily discussion thread, please help out by directing the OP to this thread instead. Thank you!

    If you don't get an answer to your question, you can try phrasing it differently or commenting again tomorrow.

    Join us in the r/Bitcoin Chatroom!

    Please check the previous discussion thread for unanswered questions.

    submitted by /u/rBitcoinMod
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    Very soon El Salvador will use geothermal energy from its volcanoes very cheap, 100% clean, 100% renewable" energy from volcanoes to power there BITCOIN MINING OPERATION ..

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:13 PM PDT

    Share your Ticker Setup

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:30 PM PDT

    Should people in the northern hemisphere start considering mining bitcoin to heat their homes durrng the winter months?

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:19 PM PDT

    Very brief, saw a blip of an article on cnn a few minutes ago that suggests heating costs for natural gas could go up 180% this fall. Was thinking if individual households started mining btc with something like ant miners, would it be a cost effective alternative to just burning gas to heat your home? Theres some math to do, but I figured folks here might like to put their 2 cents into the concept.

    Thoughts? Is this totally dumb or just clever enough to pat off?

    Edit: also the article if it even matters. https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/28/business/natural-gas-inflation/index.html

    submitted by /u/Kpenney
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    China Bans Anything That Promotes Freedom — It Is an Honor for Bitcoin To Be Banned by China. Bitcoin will succeed without China. It will be more problematic for the Chinese, however.

    Posted: 29 Sep 2021 12:54 AM PDT

    El Salvador's volcano bitcoin mining is open for business

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 01:58 PM PDT

    Fear and greed index is at 25 “extreme fear”

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 10:53 AM PDT

    What are your thoughts?

    submitted by /u/Hassanpyoo
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    The two outcomes of the US Debt Ceiling Debacle

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:26 PM PDT

    I see a lot of people talking about, and freaking out about the US defaulting on its debts. I'm here to let you know that there are really two outcomes here and both are bullish for crypto.

    1 - The US fails to come to an agreement and defaults on its debts (not likely, we've been here before, it will pass but they need to put on some political theater first). If this were to happen, the world reserve currency, the USD, would get crushed. US credit ratings would also get crushed. There would be uncertainty about the USDs ability to remain the world reserve currency. As a result, crypto (mostly BTC) would go up. The BTC/USD exchange rate would see its denominator decline sharply resulting in a much high price for BTC, not to mention the increased demand for people seeking USD safe havens.

    2 - the US comes to an agreement and raises its debt ceiling (most likely). In this case, the US will be free to spend more money it doesn't have and artificial money creation will ensue.

    Don't get me wrong. This is bad news in general. But not for crypto. For crypto, this is bullish.

    submitted by /u/Major_Bandicoot_3239
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    A summary from my 100 hours of learning Bitcoin

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 03:31 PM PDT

    Warning: It will be long, but I tried to write it in the most simple language possible

    Does bitcoin have intrinsic value?

    Imagine this: If people hire an army to guard a vault full of gold and lots of people to count the gold coming in and out, making sure the truth is maintained, and gold could be sent in and out at the speed of light, does this have value?

    Now think about this: If the vault only hire 3 guards with a few guns and one person to keep the count, would you trust your life saving in it?

    When you hear on the news that Bitcoin is using more energy than Finland, what they actually mean is: If Finland were to spend a huge amount of money to buy mining rigs and divert all its energy to attack this Bitcoin vault, Finland would lose. The truth will still be kept, your money is intact.

    The "Bitcoin vault" has one of the strongest defend "army" in the world nowadays in the form of energy. It also has hundred of thousand of computers keeping count, so value can go from one place to another 24/7/365 at the speed of light.

    Wouldn't it still be a huge waste of energy though?

    Yes, so here's the "catch": The vault has been using a lot of its defense energy from common sources such as coals, gas, solar, wind, etc, very similar to what we are using in our home today. But it doesn't have to.

    There is a lot of "trapped" energy too far away from towns and cities for human to make use of. Think about geothermal energy sources next to volcanos. If we were to harvest electricity there and build power cables to lead it all the way to our cities, there will be almost no power left when it arrives because of the long distance travel. Now imagine you can "hire" that renewable energy army to guard the vault by harvesting electricity very close to the volcano.

    That's what the recent and near future of bitcoin defense will look like. One of its "intrinsic" value is the army of defense the size of nations, to make sure no one can tamper with the record and the value it's holding inside.

    What real life applications are there?

    There are four main applications for Bitcoin in my opinion:

    First: A store of value

    For normal middle class people like you and I, if we are lucky and live in a well run country where inflation is about 2-5% a year, after 30-35 years of working and saving, our life savings in cash would lose about 50-80% of its value.

    For 1.4 billion people who is currently living in not so well run countries where inflation is about 10% a year, after working and saving their whole lives, their saving would lose 98% of value at retirement.

    Note that many people like myself can access ETFs and other investment vehicles, many people in less developed countries can't. The more money their government print, the more diluted and valueless their bank account becomes. People's live savings chipping away in their sleeps, a small piece at a time.

    Fiat is money governments can print but you and I can't. Bitcoin is money you and I can't print, and no one else can print either. There is 21 million coins and that's it. 21 millions coins under the best defense army in the world. It will help act as a store of value for many people, especially people living in high inflation or hyper inflation countries.

    Second: Big payments, country to country, think a huge shipping boat with thousands of containers kind of payments.

    It is tough to manage big payments in the tens and hundreds of millions of dollars. Imagine a company in Vietnam selling to a company in Finland, many banks need to be in the middle, they all need to work very hard, plus trust each other because it is hard to convert trillions of Vietnam Dongs into tens of millions of Euros and it will cost a lot of money.

    One transaction in Bitcoin costs about $5 today for any amount, even a billion dollar. Because of the above mention army of security and hundred of thousands of computers keeping watch, no trust is needed between banks, a billion can go from Asia to Europe in about 10 minutes.

    "$5 dollars are a lot of money for a small transaction though. Wouldn't it make bitcoin not practical as a currency for small payments"

    Yes, you are right, layer 1 of Bitcoin is not practical for small payments, this is what you might have heard a lot on the news: "only 7 transactions per second, not usable for every day use, too high fee, etc"

    What many people missed is: layer 1 is not meant to be used for everyday transactions. Just like the Visa or Mastercard networks are layer 2 that were built on top of layer 1 which are clearing banks/houses. Clearing banks handle millions at the end of the day or week between banks and nations. Visa and Mastercard operate on top of this layer and keep count of small transactions.

    The lightning network has been acting as Bitcoin layer 2 that is powering everyday transactions. While Visa is said to be capable of handling 24,000 transactions per second, lightning can handle millions. It is also borderless and decentralized, with the capability to power micro transactions at zero cost.

    Third: Micro transactions, powering new business models

    Jack Dorsey, CEO of Twitter said that if he had bitcoin and lightning back in the day, he wouldn't have run Twitter on an advertisement model. Why?

    It was close to impossible to charge people 1 cent for watching a video or for using Twitter for 5 minutes. It was impossible to do that when the users are in many different countries. The solution was then to sell ads, every time you watch and ad, Twitter charges the business that runs the ad 1p, at the end of the day after showing ads to tens of thousands of people, Twitter charges the business a few hundred dollars.

    Bitcoin and lightning change this.

    Imagine the new businesses models that could be powered by micropayments. Lightning made it possible.

    Last but not least, bank the unbanked

    I have been rather lucky to live in a big city in the UK that is served by many banks. However, it is not always the case in poorer and more remote area of the world. Some people I know back in Vietnam never had a bank account in their lives, some never will. They are deemed to poor and too unimportant to be served by banks.

    Bitcoin and lightning network mean that anyone in the world today with a phone and internet access can own a bitcoin "bank account", can participate in the "gold vault in the sky" without discrimination, without having to prove that they are credit worthy to be served, all within about 2 minutes.

    Bitcoin and lightning network mean that small business owners can start charging and receiving payments for their little street side business almost instantly without applying at the bank, without having a proof of credit, without installing and paying for any card machines.

    There are so many businesses and applications being built on top of Bitcoin and Lightning by amazing people globally. I am learning every day but still I couldn't keep up with the space of innovation in this area. I will keep sharing my knowledge as I learn more.

    submitted by /u/JunoKat
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    Europe becomes largest crypto economy with over $1T in transactions

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:56 PM PDT

    I’ll see y’all in 2030

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 08:30 AM PDT

    Citi : Bitcoin could be “the chosen currency for international trade”

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 06:31 AM PDT

    Verifone is adding bitcoin payment to thousands of US card terminals. HUGE NEWS

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 05:47 PM PDT

    Bitcoin Is The Only Asset To Solve The Store Of Value Problem ����

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 06:54 PM PDT

    I long for the day BTC gets decoupled from the stocks

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 02:39 PM PDT

    Red day for stocks is still a red day for BTC. Congress screws around with debt ceiling, FED talks about their insane QE program, traders fear inflation, you name it. All bad news for stocks but all the more reason to buy BTC. Yet we go up and down with the stock market as if somehow correlated. I long for the day BTC gets decoupled from stocks, and all will be right in the world.

    submitted by /u/Halve_Liter_Jan
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    Congress must raise debt limit by Oct. 18. Failure to suspend or raise the debt limit would lead to the first-ever U.S. default and have severe consequences for the U.S. economy.

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 08:26 AM PDT

    Nayib Bukele on Twitter : First Steps of Volcano Mining

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 02:18 PM PDT

    Institutional investors buy $50M worth Bitcoin after China-induced crash - TheDailySats

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:30 PM PDT

    We should ALL be tracking and supporting these representatives

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:16 AM PDT

    El Salvador plans bitcoin mining using geothermal energy

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:45 PM PDT

    Morgan Stanley doubles exposure to Bitcoin through Grayscale shares

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 06:06 PM PDT

    Coinbase to Allow US Users to Deposit Paychecks Directly in Crypto

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 12:38 PM PDT

    Square, Twitter, And Substack Are Big First-Movers In Bitcoin Payment Solutions

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:05 AM PDT

    U.S. Verifone Merchants To Accept Bitcoin As Payment

    Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:58 AM PDT

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