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    Cryptocurrency Daily Discussion - December 30, 2019 (GMT+0)

    December 30, 2019

    Cryptocurrency Daily Discussion - December 30, 2019 (GMT+0)

    Daily Discussion - December 30, 2019 (GMT+0)

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 04:12 PM PST

    Welcome to the Daily Discussion. Please read the disclaimer, guidelines, and rules before participating.

    Disclaimer:

    Though karma rules still apply, moderation is less stringent on this thread than on the rest of the sub. Therefore, consider all information posted here with several liberal heaps of salt, and always cross check any information you may read on this thread with known sources. Any trade information posted in this open thread may be highly misleading, and could be an attempt to manipulate new readers by known "pump and dump (PnD) groups" for their own profit. BEWARE of such practices and exercise utmost caution before acting on any trade tip mentioned here.

    Rules:

    • All sub rules apply in this thread. The prior exemption for karma and age requirements is no longer in effect.
    • Discussion topics must be related to cryptocurrency.
    • Comments will be sorted by newest first.

    To see prior Skeptics Discussions, click here.

    submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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    CNBC Fud Never Ends!

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 12:37 PM PST

    China to launch first national digital currency. Say goodbye to banking as we know it.

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 07:32 PM PST

    As Global Debt Rises, the Maximum Possible Interest Rate Is Declining Towards Zero, Meaning Money Printing Is the Only Option Left for Central Banks to Stimulate the Economy

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 05:23 AM PST

    Bitcoin: Arguments over the length of the next market cycle

    Posted: 30 Dec 2019 12:20 AM PST

    What are some crypto projects we can use NOW?

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 09:04 PM PST

    I'm curious. Back when I was really into the crypto scene a few years ago, a lot of the projects' prime focus is on their ROI or how you can participate in the PoW to decentralize, but not a lot of services that you can actually use without at least considerable amount of technical acumen.

    What are some examples of crypto-centric projects that have hit the consumer phase? Excluding payment and remittance solutions which are....really unimaginative.
    Off the top of my head the only thing I can think of is Brave Browers, but even then a lot of the advertisement I get from the browser just links me to another "get-rich-quick" scheme like "crypto-banks" (yeah sure I'll trust that) or gambling sites.
    BurstCoin and Storj, they were pretty imaginative! Tho Google Drive and DropBox seems to have them beat in terms of ease of use so it doesn't really incentivize the average user into using it.

    Any other examples of crypto-projects that have hit the mainstream market that you can use right now?

    submitted by /u/TheCuriousBread
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    Why is "Indiainvestor-a" not yet banned? That guy is constantly shilling scams in the daily comment thread

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 10:44 AM PST

    A Little Survival Guide For Making Profit With The Cryptocurrency Market In 2020

    Posted: 30 Dec 2019 03:02 AM PST

    IOTA comes to a hold: Bug in coordinator?

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 09:02 AM PST

    A unplanned critical incident in the IOTA network currently hinders users from sending transactions. First analysis suggests a bug in the coordinator.

    Article in German: https://cryptomonday.de/breaking-iota-netzwerk-steht-still-koordinator-legt-tangle-lahm

    submitted by /u/BrugelNauszmazcer
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    Coinbase Wallet to remove DApp browser to comply with Apple's policy

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 11:52 AM PST

    2019 Dapp Industry Report - now available as PDF

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 11:28 PM PST

    There are more crypto ATMs than ever, but who actually use them?

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 03:56 AM PST

    How Class Works (and why we need crypto)

    Posted: 30 Dec 2019 03:15 AM PST

    What are some old popular projects that dropped a lot in their cmc rank?

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 05:34 AM PST

    Some projects that come to my mind are:

    *Selfkey
    *Request
    *TERN
    *SureRemit
    *GVT

    Disclaimer: I no longer hold any bags of any of those projects, but I think about buying some KEY

    Also I can't understand what is happening to CND.

    submitted by /u/done8989
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    You can now trade or invest in Crypto, Stocks, Forex, Commodities, Futures & Options from the Genesis Vision platform.

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 09:52 AM PST

    Swiss bank in your pocket wallet help

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 07:20 PM PST

    Anyone that could help me with a Swissbankinyourpocket crypto wallet? Can't access it and need some help or tips.

    submitted by /u/Babycheese92
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    Settlement of Cross-Border Transactions using Central Bank Digital Currency

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 01:56 PM PST

    Settlement of Cross-Border Transactions using Central Bank Digital Currency

    A digest follows of the excellent 100+ page thesis by Van Ginneken, C.L. (Casper): Settlement of Cross-Border Transactions through Central Bank Digital Currency. Recommended pre-reading: https://gendal.me/2013/11/24/a-simple-explanation-of-how-money-moves-around-the-banking-system/

    Settlement of Cross-Border Transactions using Central Bank Digital Currency

    For a bank to arrange a cross-border transaction, it must either have both parties' currencies in its possession or else have a means of buying the foreign currency required to execute the transaction. Whereas some of the larger international banks might have the banking license and liquidity required in the respective currency, viability decreases rapidly as the number of currencies at hand increases at a given time. Furthermore, complexity and costs are added because of differing regulatory standards across jurisdictions combined with varying technical requirements.

    Most banks set up correspondent banking channels to still be able to host any trade. These are relationships with strategically selected foreign banks that are capable of handling the desired payment. The reason why such networks exist is both the extensive process of acquiring a banking licence in another jurisdiction and the respective cost burden. Since maintaining and leveraging these connections is not feasible for everyone, smaller, local banks tend to rely completely on larger banks to host cross-currency transactions on their behalf. As a result, more financial institutions and other intermediaries are involved than expected at first sight, thus increasing transaction fees and clarity. Few banks actually have the scale required to maintain a global network of settlement accounts in multiple jurisdictions.

    Besides the reliance on correspondent banking channels, dependence on the operating hours of RTGS systems obstructs the desired flexibility in transferring high-value funds across the globe on a daily basis. A consequence is that there are only very small windows of time when the systems across different countries are open simultaneously. This results in cross-border payments getting trapped in a country, waiting for the respective RTGS system to open, and thus drive the time lag in cross-border transactions reaching their final destination.

    ​

    Figure 2.1: Mono-currency payment in the current model.

    Figure 2.1 provides an example of a transaction in the current model. The transaction considered is a mono-currency single payment, which means that there is no exchange (of goods) involved. This example clearly shows the presence of intermediaries. It may take multiple days, and in some cases even over a week for a transaction to arrive at the Bank of New York Mellon (BNY Mellon) due to the existence of correspondent banking channels. Once Shell initiates a transaction, its balance at ING is adjusted through an internal business portal. Then ING sends a SWIFT message to the European Central Bank (ECB) with the transaction details. The RTGS system of the ECB adjusts the balances of both ING and Deutsche Bank (DB) at the ECB. Consequently, DB receives a SWIFT message with the details of the transaction, and forwards it to BNY Mellon. Once BNY Mellon receives the payment, it adjusts US Steel's balance in the internal business portal.

    For cross-currency payments, the model looks a bit different. Now ING must find a correspondent bank that is willing to exchange the EUR amount to a USD amount. An example of such a situation with Bank of America (BOA) as a correspondent bank is displayed in Figure 2.2. The third payment type we consider a a payment-versus-payment transaction. In this situation, ING does not only pay a EUR amount (on behalf of a client), but receives a USD amount in return. In the current situation, a simple contract for a Foreign Exchange (FX) swap is signed to cover potential FX risk, obviously against a fee. Figure 2.3 displays an example of such a transaction.

    ​

    Figure 2.2: Cross-currency payment in the current model.

    Figure 2.3: Cross-currency payment-versus-payment in the current model.

    What stands out from the correspondent banking analysis is that the cut taken in a given cross-border trade is determined by the number of financial institutions that engage in and the complexity of the network in the transaction process. This opposes the view that the nations or currencies involved are most decisive in the percentage forfeited. The lack of payment status and visibility, delays in payment processing, and lack of round-the-clock service availability result in significant issues for international corporate transactions. Consequently, settlement times for cross-border payments can take up to five days even for most common currency pairings, generally with limited clarity regarding the total amount of fees to be charged and the timing of settlement. Nevertheless, a mono-currency payment is close to instant, as local RTGS systems (e.g. TARGET2) are very efficient.

    ​

    Figure 2.7: Mono-currency payment in the future model.

    Whereas in the current model it can take multiple days and in some cases even over a week for a transaction to settle, the future model offers a transaction to be settled in a matter of seconds. Figure 2.7 displays the future situation for a mono-currency payment, in this case a EUR transaction. Like in the current model, a bank would still send a SWIFT message to the settling party. However, instead of using an entire network of correspondent banks, only one operation is performed now. A distributed ledger is established for each currency at which each bank holds an account. The balances of ING in their own account and in the account at the central bank are adjusted based on the SWIFT message. Subsequently, the transaction value is converted to an equivalent amount of tokens and ownership transfers to the counterparty, via the distributed ledger. Within a matter of seconds, BNY Mellon sees the transaction value added to is own wallet at the ledger.

    If BNY Mellon were to withdraw money from its account, again a SWIFT message is created and balances are adjusted accordingly. The value of these CBDC tokens is backed one-to-one to its respective fiat currency to prevent for introducing additional FX risk during conversion. The CBDC tokens are liquid to such an extent that they are pre-funded by fiat. They are merely used as tools for transacting fiat amounts, backed by the central bank.

    Depending on legal restrictions and reciprocal agreements between jurisdictions, any bank can have an account at the central bank that manages the distributed ledger of the currency it issues. For instance, the ECB manages the EUR ledger, the FederalReserve System (FED) manages the USD ledger, and so on. Another possibility is that some independent financial institution or governance authority is appointed to manage the new payment system. Legal risks arise when central banks in different jurisdictions are to gear to one another. Once the technology matures and sufficient experience with the new payment system has been gained, the SWIFT connection could be upgraded to a more direct message system.

    ​

    Figure 2.8: Cross-currency payment-versus-payment in the future model.

    Contrasting to the current model, the cross-currency payment does not exist in the future model. The main reason for this is the fact that banks can also have accounts at central banks outside their own jurisdiction in a foreign currency. Imagine a bank -here ING - being required to pay BNY Mellon some amount in USD, then it may use its account in the dollar-denominated wallet to execute the payment. If this balance does not suffice, a bank could decide to perform a currency swap, which automatically is the third scenario, i.e. a cross-currency PvP. Thus, we conclude that the cross-currency payment scenario is a combination of the mono-currency payment and cross-currency PvP scenario.

    In the cross-currency PvP scenario, a currency swap takes place. Figure 2.8 depicts this situation, using the EUR to USD transaction example. The commercial bank still needs to find a counterparty, here BNY Mellon, that is willing to swap a particular EUR amount to a USD amount. When both parties have agreed to the transaction (via SWIFT messaging), settlement occurs through an atomic swap, which means that the transfer of USD tokens from BNY Mellon's USD account to ING's USD account and EUR tokens from ING's EUR account to BNY Mellon's EUR account happens at exactly the same time. This prevents the possibility of double-spending. ING would not need a counterparty such as BNY Mellon in this case. A major challenge for all affiliating parties, especially those who will have to design the technology, is interoperability.

    There are three dimensions to interoperability: between two currencies on the same ledger, between different ledgers and between the ledger and legacy infrastructure.

    • First, different currencies within a ledger must be connected to each other for a swap to succeed between two currencies.
    • Second, interoperability between different ledgers could present an issue if each currency is on another ledger. Other financial products, such as securities and derivatives, would generally have to be settled on alternative ledgers or platforms as well. These must be linked, however, if Delivery-versus-Payment (DvP) transactions are to be included.
    • The third dimension relates to the interoperability between the ledger(s) and legacy infrastructure, which will have to be accommodated for in any case. These are operational risks that must be considered elaborately prior to constructing the platforms.

    The future model addresses all drawbacks of the current system. First of all, transactions in the current system are expensive due to fees and FX margins being accumulated at every step in the process. With the elimination of correspondent banks and only one settlement system in the future model, these costs should diminish. Obviously, the technology needs to be built, maintained, regulated and kept secure. Second, the speed of a transaction increases significantly. Whereas cross-border interbank transactions take several days to arrive at the counterparty, the future model offers settlement in the blink of an eye. On top of this, transparency and predictability increase due to the removal of intermediaries and rapid settlement. Lastly, the proposed system offers near real-time and round-the-clock availability of cross-border payment services.

    All in all, we expect the future model to be far more efficient than the current model. The main difference lies in the way central banks provide access to their balance sheets i.e. in the form of a digital version of ordinary fiat without participating banks having to obtain a banking license in the respective jurisdiction to access the actual currency.

    Ultimately, risk can be defined as the exposure of an asset to loss, generally due to a change in its value as time progresses. With time no longer being a factor in cross-border interbank payments, most risk vanishes as well. The analysis on financial risks of cross-border interbank transactions in a system with CBDC has marked five risk factors as relevant. First, liquidity risk is expected to decrease, as both cash pools at correspondent banking nostro accounts and separate central bank accounts (e.g. TARGET2, T2S and EBA) can be centralised in one account on the ledger in a new system, which leads to optimisation of LSM. We have quantified liquidity management advantages at a reduction in liquidity requirements of 21%.

    Replacing correspondent banking structures by a peer-to-peer network with 24/7 access and instant settlement of payments reduces the time factor in cross-border interbank transactions to near zero. This significantly affects interest rate risk, since banks do no longer miss out on interest garnered by correspondent banks during a transaction's processing period. Foreign exchange rate risk vanishes as well due to a replacement in price volatility between two currencies by an instant current-market rate. As banks will no longer be exposed to the possibility that both intermediaries and counterparties might default on their payment obligations, counterparty credit risk can be disregarded entirely. Additionally, atomic swaps (i.e. cryptographic hash functions stipulated in smart contracts) reduce settlement risk in PvP transactions.

    submitted by /u/mr_sonic
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    Portfolio app that lets me track my crypto and stocks together

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 04:27 PM PST

    I'd love a Blockfolio type app that also let's me add my stock investments so I can see both sets of assets together. Does any app do this?

    Hmm I need more characters for this to post so what else to say... Hope everyone had a nice week, I had a very nice holiday myself. Officially have a girlfriend for the first time in close to three years, pretty happy about that.. thinking about side business ideas so I could afford more crypto and gold..

    submitted by /u/ninjajaguar
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    Exodus Crypto News Dec.28th 2019 - YouTube Crypto Purge

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 03:33 PM PST

    A Gift for My Nephew: God, Gold, Silver & Bitcoin — Part II

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 12:31 PM PST

    Received my Kong banknotes and they are absolutely stunning,great art and amazing use of a flex PCB

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 01:46 PM PST

    Bitcoin’s Purported Creator Says Fortune May Remain Locked

    Posted: 29 Dec 2019 10:30 PM PST
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