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    Sunday, April 4, 2021

    Ethereum Ok Ethereum looks like it’s holding at 2k. Now I do believe in the ether bunny

    Ethereum Ok Ethereum looks like it’s holding at 2k. Now I do believe in the ether bunny


    Ok Ethereum looks like it’s holding at 2k. Now I do believe in the ether bunny

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 05:07 PM PDT

    Improving EIP 1559 by making it work more like an AMM curve

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 05:38 AM PDT

    Ethereum Scalability Race - April 2021 update

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 08:56 AM PDT

    This is my personal perspective on the current status of scalability on Ethereum. Today, Ethereum is all-in on Layer 2 solutions. While there are different definitions for Layer 2, for the purpose of this post, I define it as solutions secured by Ethereum mainnet. This eliminates sidechains like xDai or Polygon, and focuses on rollups. (I will note that because Polygon checkpoints back to ethereum mainnet, so it's a grey area and still a better solution than any non-ethereum smart contract chain.) For an in-depth explanation of rollups, Vitalik's post is a must-read: An Incomplete Guide to Rollups (vitalik.ca)

    DeverseFi has a great banner listing some of the Layer 2 projects currently building on Ethereum, I'll cover some highlights from this list.

    Application-specific rollups

    Currently, all rollups on mainnet are application-specific. Some of the exciting application-specific rollups are:

    - Loopring: Payments and DEX

    - zkSync: Payments

    - ImmutableX: NFT minting and exchange. Interestingly, ImmutableX will have multiple applications built on top of it that need to mint and exchange NFTs, such as Gods Unchained and OpenSea.

    - Aztec: Privacy payments. Like ImmutableX, Aztec could have multiple privacy payment applications. The first one currently live is zk.money

    All of these already do thousands of TPS, many offer gas-free interactions with the very low gas abstracted away from the user. For example, ImmutableX can do ~9,600 TPS, with each NFT mint costing $0.002 in gas, easily subsidized by the protocol as being effectively gas-free to the end user. Another important UX improvement is that transactions are confirmed effectively instantly. Do try these products (and more listed in the banner above) for a glimpse into the future of blockchain scalability.

    Generalized programmable rollups

    Not every smart contract has the resources to build their own application-specific rollup. This is where a generalized, programmable, Turing-complete rollups enters the fray, where anyone can deploy their smart contracts, and as a result where most smart contracts will scale. It's a very interesting paradigm where there's intense competition to build the best execution environment on top of Ethereum. (Which is why I call it "Scalability Race".)

    Optimistic Ethereum: Limited mainnet since January 2021 (currently Synthetix only for staking), public testnet is now live though not officially supported till later in April. Public mainnet July 2021, although we expect "whitelisted" projects like Uniswap, Chainlink, MakerDAO to go live before then.

    Arbitrum: An optimistic rollup and direct competition to Optimistic Ethereum. They are committed to a fully public release, and are currently on their release candidate public testnet. They have a crucial advantage over Optimistic Ethereum currently, with BLS signature aggregation.

    Fuel: Also an optimistic rollup. Currently offers payments, but plans to expand into smart contracts later in 2021.

    zkSync 2.0: Similar to Fuel, currently a payments protocol, expanding into generalized smart contract support. Unlike the above three, zkSync 2.0 is a ZK rollup, which brings the advantage of instant exits to L1. Public testnet: May 2021; public mainnet: August 2021.

    StarkNet: Direct competitor to zkSync 2.0: a programmable ZK rollup. Scheduled for release in late 2021, though potentially accelerating thanks to an impressive $75 million Series B raise last month.

    Polygon: Acknowledging the centralization flaws of their current sidechain, Polygon are also developing both ZK and optimistic rollups (among other solutions). No concrete dates I could find. My unsolicited recommendation for Polygon would be to abandon their currently announced kitchen-sink model and laser focus on delivering a world class generalized ZK rollup.

    We might end up with a situation here where Ethereum L1 will only act as a settlement and security layer, with a majority of activity happening on rollups. Before we move on beyond rollups, I'd point out that there are multiple projects like Celer, Connext, or Hop that are focusing on interoperability between L1 <> L2 and L2 <> L2.

    Enhancements to application-layer

    The application-layer (previously called eth1) protocol, EVM and clients continue to mature. For example, EIP-2929 mitigates DoS attacks and could lead to a minor bump in gas limit. EIP-1559 has strong UX implications that *might* mitigate users overpaying for gas, and smooth out spikes. There's no one big upgrade here, but a continuous series of enhancements that'll enable higher gas limits over time. As an example, while I was writing this, Vitalik has published an intriguing proposal to further improve EIP-1559. For context, many of these improvements have enabled Ethereum's gas limit to increase from 4M in 2017 to 12.5M today. Eventually, we may even get back to eWASM (?).

    Data sharding / data availability sampling (DAS)

    DAS is focused on accelerating rollups by offering massive data availability in a granular manner over 64 shards. Where an efficient rollup can do anywhere between 1,000 TPS to 4,500 TPS today, DAS will accelerate this to potentially over 50,000-100,000 TPS. Gas-efficient rollups like ImmutableX will potentially be accelerated past 200,000 TPS. Previously, this was set to ship before The Merge, but is now coming after The Merge, potentially later in 2022 or early 2023. By the way, The Merge itself does not lead to scalability upgrades, but we could see related proposals to increase gas limit after The Merge.

    Statlessness / state expiry

    Incredibly, we have gotten this far without actually increasing L1 scalability significantly. L1 gas is going to remain high for the near future - get used to it. This may not matter too much if we have massive scalability on L2, though, as that's where most users will be. L1 will act more of a settlement layer for the bigger players - rollups, exchanges, financial institutions, whales etc.

    However, with statelessness / state expiry, this is finally being addressed - L1 gas limits will see significant increases without materially sacrificing decentralization & security. It's still early days, but we finally have some concrete options available. We don't have a date here, but personally I wouldn't expect this before 2023.

    Executable sharding

    What was previously Phase 2 has now been pushed back given the better solutions now available. Pretty crazy to think rollups did not even exist when sharding was first conceived as a scalability solution! This is where the shards no longer just offering data availability for rollups, but are also able to execute transactions themselves. It's hard to imagine how this will turn out - if rollups attain critical mass and statelessness allows for a significant enough gas limit uptick, we may not even require executable shards at all and it would be better to focus on enhancing (or increasing) data shards, for example. Or, it could be that we only require a smaller number of executable shards. Definitely the most nebulous step here, and something that'll only become clear over time.

    Hybrid scalability

    I definitely believe that we'll see all kinds of hybrid solutions going forward, with various degrees of decentralization over multiple layer. Visa and Crypto.com are effectively acting as scalability sidechains for Ethereum, though with a significant degree of centralization. What we might see in the future is that Visa cuts out Crypto.com and goes directly to a rollup/L2 wallet/service provider. Likewise, I can also see Reddit build their own rollup, which keeps a lot of data on their centralized servers, and only settles the important stuff on mainnet. We already have such solutions today: for example DeverseFi uses Validium where less critical data like order books (?) are maintained on centralized servers, while all transactions and balances are on-chain. It could even apply for a mainstream application like Fortnite.


    Alright, that probably ended up much longer than I expected, but hopefully it will be informational because there's a lot of misinformation flying around in the crypto space. Feel free to add/correct things and I'll update the post accordingly.

    submitted by /u/Liberosist
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    What is Layer 2? Confused

    Posted: 03 Apr 2021 09:36 PM PDT

    I've been hearing this terminology alot recently. Using a layer 2 solution sounds like its the magical solution to all problems. I'm just confused and have alot of questions about what this even means, if you could help clear any of these things up for me.

    1. Why can you do a "layer 2"? What does this mean? If something was built as a layer 2 on Ethereum, what are the restrictions for it? Why can't you do the same thing on Bitcoin?
    2. I've heard some people (newbies) say that they should just make a smart contract layer 2 on bitcoin since it's more secure, so that we don't need to use Ethereum. Is this actually possible? I know that bitcoin can't handle smart contracts because it's not turing complete, what about a layer 2 on bitcoin? Do layer 2 solutions on bitcoin actually remove the purpose of Ethereum?
    3. I noticed that alot of dapps are going to be using layer 2 solutions, to get past the issue with transaction fees currently on Ethereum. Does this mean the existence of a dapp on layer 2 will not affect ethereum prices at all, and does not benefit ethereum? For example, if a dapp were on Ethereum, then there would be a large inflow of ethereum buyers increasing the demand for Ethereum. But dapps on layer 2 don't need ethereum tokens, there would be another token instead, so the users of such an app would not be buying Ethereum tokens.
    4. For dapps that do run on Ethereum, after EIP1559 implements gas burning, wouldn't this mean that a ton of eth is going to be burned into nowhere from just dapp usage? This would raise the price of eth.

    EDIT: Thanks so much for all of the replies!

    submitted by /u/Shacrone
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    Fei had a big genesis event what do think about this stablecoin protocol?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 01:00 PM PDT

    What will happen to my current Ether when Ethereum 2.0 is released? Will it become Ether 2.0 or will there be two separate coins?

    Posted: 03 Apr 2021 11:30 PM PDT

    I fundamentally do not understand what will happen when Ethereum 2.0 is released. How will it impact the Ether that people currently have? All responses are welcome; I just want to be pointed in the right direction.

    submitted by /u/debug4u
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    How is this person draining Ethereum wallets?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 07:44 PM PDT

    https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e0a89dcee7bd3bc8b764f87a9448522aeece368

    Someone gained access to my Ethereum wallet and drained half of its tokens to that account above. It appears that the person methodically did the same with a number of other wallets. My wallet that was drained is relatively new and only connected from one Windows machine through Metamask Firefox extension. A Malwarebytes scan was negative. It is not plausible that anyone had the keys or passphrase, except through my computer or Metamask. How did this person get a list of credentials to go through like this? Is there any post-facto forensic ideas I should think about? How can I connect and yield farm safely at one or two places without exposing myself to this again.

    submitted by /u/phasmatid
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    are there any online marketplaces that accept ethereum or other crypto?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 02:40 PM PDT

    Should I be staking my ETH on Binance or just using flexible savings?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 05:12 PM PDT

    I'm long on Ethereum and I want to start earning some form of passive income from it. Is it better to stake through Binance or maybe a different wallet? Or just use flexible savings just for ease of pulling it out?

    submitted by /u/Magners17
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    Unsolicited eth sent to my coinbase wallet, is someone trying to track where I send it?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 02:30 PM PDT

    Not a huge transaction, I can't think of where it would have come from though and I'm a little concerned.

    submitted by /u/BusterGrundle
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    I have some questions about eth 2.0 and staking that I couldn’t seem to find an answer to help appreciated

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 01:49 PM PDT

    When will the update go live?

    Can you stake ethereum now?

    How does one get "slashed"?

    What are the "duties" an eth staker has to do?

    What are the possible returns from staking (will it be better than mining)?

    Thanks for any answers and sorry for bothering

    submitted by /u/acodin_master
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    Yield farming today for small accounts

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 01:34 PM PDT

    Am I wrong to assume that many yield farming activities are inaccessible to small accounts (<10k) due high gas fees? What would you suggest to do today to profit more than just HODLing?

    Extra question: does stacking require gas fees at the same level to yield farming activities?

    Thanks, sorry for the noob question but I am unclear on this point

    submitted by /u/YouthAny1887
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    Minted my first NFT on rarible!

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 10:40 AM PDT

    Some feedback would definitely be appreciated on it, will link it below in the comments.

    But just thought I'd make a post about the process for anyone who might be interested in it. It was really easy tbh, once you've got your artwork you just start up a wallet (pretty sure most of you will have this already) - I used metamask to link my Rarible account to, though primarily I use exodus. Then you can just make an account, and then you start to create your NFT by putting in the details and uploading the assets and stuff, there are 2 fees when you create your first one. I think the first fee was like a verification thing basically? The second fee is to mint your NFT, which is basically tokenising your art into a specified amount of tokens that people can then purchase etc. Once you've gone through all this, you should have your NFT on your profile and everyone else will be able to see it too. It does seem like unless you're verified you kinda go a bit unnoticed, but the community is nice, especially on discord.

    I thought it would be a lot more complicated than it was, although gas fees are mad expensive right now I'm glad I've done it now and been a part of it, and look forward to putting more improved stuff up as NFT's :D

    submitted by /u/r3d3mpshun
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    What is your guys favourite Eth wallet for iOS?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 03:45 PM PDT

    ForceDAO's xFORCE profit sharing contract hacked and drained by a white hacker

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 01:55 AM PDT

    Balancer V2 — A One-Stop-Shop

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 02:39 PM PDT

    How to do an NFT Flashloan? (Technical deep dive, Solidity, NodeJS)

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 09:08 AM PDT

    What is the state of the art of eth dev tools ?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 12:52 AM PDT

    What dev tools are most used and why? Also what dev tools do you think are underrated or hidden gems.

    submitted by /u/Flerbee
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    New crypto giant coming in next month. Exchange with lot of DeFi features. High reward potential

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 03:55 PM PDT

    New crypto giant coming in next month. Exchange with lot of DeFi features. High reward potential

    https://preview.redd.it/ezjzuqd3l8r61.png?width=1099&format=png&auto=webp&s=794c78545b69ee02cb8ae66461030193e42587c7

    Cryptoswap Finance is a decentralized exchange for exchanging BEP-20 tokens that run on Binance Smart Chain and has several other DeFi features that enable you to gain and win tokens. It's quick and inexpensive, and everybody can use it.

    The potential of CryptoSwap, the ecosystem, and the features of the Binance Smart Chain are all pointing to greater success for everyone. The transaction speed is very quick and reliable, bringing the required performance, thanks to a flexible network and low transaction fees. Our framework and plan aim to gain universal acceptance and acknowledgment, culminating in the requisite transition and a new level of growth in the cryptocurrency room.

    Let's join hands and create something beautiful!

    CryptoSwap Finance Website: http://www.cryptoswap.finance

    Whitepaper: http://www.cryptoswap.finance/whitepaper.pdf

    CryptoSwap Finance on YT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4dMT1kramM

    Main products launched in May/June 2021:

    - Crypto Trade/Exchange - The exchange platform is an automated market maker (AMM) that enables two tokens to be exchanged on the Binance Smart Chain. Tokens are exchanged immediately, cheap and secure.

    - Crypto Farming - Farming platform let you deposit and lock LP tokens to earn reward in CSF tokens. This is simple way to earn even 20x reward with our main CSF/BNB pool.

    - Crypto Staking - Staking platform allows Binance Smart Chain projects to bootstrap adoption though distributing some of their tokens to CSF holders. You can stake your CSF tokens to earn reward in other tokens.

    - Crypto Lotteries

    - Initial Farm Offerings

    https://preview.redd.it/tbt7svx3l8r61.png?width=1099&format=png&auto=webp&s=5e570c731e941a62756f022c707ef8f8335b3141

    Contacts

    Twitter: https://twitter.com/csftoken

    Telegram channel: https://t.me/cryptoswapfinancechannel

    Telegram group: https://t.me/cryptoswapfinancegroup

    Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjwL6C01owsaIujDyHJTOwA

    submitted by /u/phervepayno
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    How to DAO?

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 07:44 AM PDT

    Are there any reliable solutions to build from or do I need to build one from the ground up? I found Alchemy DaoStack, but that seems like it may be too limited for what I want to do. Also, their voting system currently requires .2ETH just to submit a proposal which seems ludicrous and I'd like to minimize that so that the community is much more free to submit their ideas. However, I'd ultimately like to have safeguards in place to constrain the types of proposals that are permitted -- what's the best mechanism for controlling that? Just establishing the constraints in the bylaws? Basically, I only want the DAO to be able to pursue certain types of projects, not any project since that could result in some degenerative projects, at least initially when the individuals within the voting body have larger stakes.

    Edit: Aragon looks much better than DaoStack

    submitted by /u/-EzW
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    All I can say, is that this is not the sound of an engine.... sssssshhh.

    Posted: 04 Apr 2021 02:53 PM PDT

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